Pile fabric loom



May 9, 1953 s. P. PARKER 2,638,934

' PILE FABRIC LOOM Filed March 23, 1950' 3 Sheets-Sheet l y0-L l INVE TOR May 19, 1955 s` P. PARKER 2,638,934

PILE FABRIC LooM Filed March 23, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 y ,70 I 1"- n n ATTORNEYS May 19, 1953 s. P. 'PARKER 2,638,934

' PILE FABRIC' LOOM Filed March 25, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEYS Patented May 19, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE:v

Callaway Mills Company, La Grange, Ga., a corporation of Georgia l l` Applieation March 23,1950, sei-iai No. 151,370

This invention relates vided with means for periodically engaging and drawing out pile yarns from the shed to form loops, which are bound in place, as the weaving continues, to form a pile. Such looms are orn comms.. (c1. 139-38)- to pile fabric looms proe dinarily employed in the-weaving of fabrcshfvf ing a pile of. loops of such length,l that they cannot be made von pile fabric looms having'wires over which the pile yarns are raised .to form pile loops. More particularly, the invention is concerned with anovel loom operating in the manner described, which is superior to prior similar looms, in that the shedding and shuttle mo-v tions operatescontinuously instead of stopping during the drawingout. ofthe pile loops, as in prior looms.

The loom of the invention includes. separate means for supplyingpile and ground Warp yarns and means for forming the pile'and ground warp yarns into sheds, the shedding means operating to raise the pile Warp yarns higher than the ground warp yarns in the upper line of the shed. The loom also includes the usual shuttle motion and a lay carrying a`reed,'by :which the-inserted weft threads arebeat'enup. Thereeds mounted on the lay for endwise -inovement and means are provided for shifting lthe reed and thereby moving the warpthreads'laterally periodically during the Weavinghoperation. Thev pile warp yarns are drawn out to-form loops by hooks ment, preferably orrar'ms' freely mountedon the shaft, on which the lay Yswords arer mounted. The loom includes means'for periodicallymovingth'e barback to'cause the hooks to passrbetween the raised pile' warp yarns and then' moving the bar forward. When the hooks have passed between the pile' warp yarns, thev reed is shiftedlaterallytocause the yarns-to becaught -by the hooks, so that in the forward movement of the bar, the hooks`-'dra.wout the yarns. :Preferably, the movements of the-bar yare effected by connecting. the arms supporting thebarnto` the lay to move back.therewithandfbyrso' constructing the lay andarrns, that thelay pushes the carried by a bar mountedA for oscillatory movev arms and bar forward. The hooks are of `a-'noVel A For a better v.understanding of: the invention, l

reference may be madeyto thewaccompanyi-ng drawingsinwhich'r l l l 1 Fig. 1., is a vertical'ipngitiidinijseenoh kfririigli the new loom;

FigsfZ, 3 and4 are sectional views on the lines 2 2, 3 3, and 4-M4, respectively, of Fig. l; Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of `parts of the loomgshowin'g their different positions in operation;` l

'Fig. 6 is a sectional View of a loom on the 'line-6 3 of Fig. 5; Figs. `'7 and 8 are vertical longitudinal sectional views of parts ofthe loom, showing their different positions'in operation; K y Fig. 9`is a detail of Fig..8 on an enlarged scale; Figs. 10 'and' 11 'are` plan viewsl showing the manner in which thepile warp yarns are caught by the hooks;,and Y y, Fig. 12 is la'view similar to Fig. 9 showing the hook harinas forward position. f

The loom illustrated in thedrawings comprises the usual sfidesfl connectedfatoneend by a breastbeam -.|6,`lo'ver which. the woven fabric I1 (shown as plainfgoods, for convenience) passes to the take-uproll i8. The ground warp yarns -I9 aresupplied from ya beam 2li mounted infthe loom sides andpassfrom the beam over awhip ro1l2|rand thence toa pair of conventional harness frames 22, 23.f The pile .warp yarns 24 are drawn from aysupplyln'ot shown) and pass beneath .a gui-de roller: 25Yover a rubber-covered `detail of the friction roller 26, and beneath a bar 2l Amounted -inftheends of arms v2'lct,-therotherends of which are pivoted on the shaft 26m of roller 26,-.l From the bar 21, the pile warp yarns pass tov a harness frame 28,- whichl is actuatedtoraise the pile warp yarns higher -than the-l ground warp 19a in the upper line of the shed. i

yarns byaconnecting rod32 driven by a crank on'the loom crank shaft (not shown). The lay carries al reed 33 madetup'ofabase bar 34 mounted for sliding movement in a'channel in the top `ofthe 'layy-a top bar-35 mounted for sliding Ymovement inf the reedcap 36l attachedto the lay, and the usual dents 31;.extendingbetween thebars 34, 35. The base lbar 34 carries a pin 38 projecting L.to-the rear through anopening inthe wall of the channel, in which bar-34 is mounted, and the pin rlies in-a slotyin'i'lheend` of onearm of a bell .crank39 pivoted on the lay. YThe `other arm of thel crankis connectedto a rod- 40, which isv connected..through-abell crankllvl and a .rod,42

to aleverJl3 'carryinga roller 44 engaging a cam 4:45..on-.theloompickvshaft-M. As the` shaft rotates, the. cam acts through the connections described. to shiftifthereed to theright on the lay,

A pair of arms 50 are mounted for swinging l movement on shaft 3l and a bar 5l extendsubef tween the arms and is provided at each e'rid with a circular gear segment 52 havingiacentralpivot pin 53 received in an opening iriathladjaot 5B. Each segment 52 meshes `with a gear 54 held fast by a set screw on a pin 55 rigidlyattached to a lever 56 near the vupper end thereof; and loosely received in an opening in the.arms 5l. Each lever has a slot 51 near its lower end, through which entends .a Stud adjustably mountedin a fixed part 59 of .the loom A doubleendec`lhlg 60 ,is piyqtallynr'ionntd on each arm 5t .near theizpper f ndathereof. and the hook is connected by a rod 6I to near f a bell crank 52 pivoted onarm 50A Theoth f of the bell crank Sais connected'byargdfi and a second bell. crank ,B5 .tn .afrocl 6 5', ,w l 1 i oh .is operated at suitable intervaisoiiring tiiawa'vingrcle by a control device (not shown), s iioh as a dobby mechanism. jacquard, etc. Inqthe inof armsll shown, the arms arein the forwardfpositionaaaina rubber blacks-66. an, wie narrates; the breast beam IE and the forwardlend of hook E@ is engaged Wh'lh Qlfhb St bml The lay is providsd-with 'a .catch 68 engageant by the bacisenaofho k n aanslaat@ 'carrie rubber.blOdsnseabs with @fins 5D,

. v rasta iaaaaiiaaeaiaii a alumna f are. hooks l@ extending rearwardly warpwi's' beyond iria rear side of the bar. piioiiook To is 'made of astrip of metal and has a straight side iiwhich lies paralisi. to the warp yarns. The other side 'I2 of the strip is inclined toward `the straight side in a 're'alrfwardn direction.- Near the free end of the strip, the incl-ined side 'l2 is fo'rnd with a 'projection or bili 13 and the outerside 14 of Vthe bill ls Aricliilei'l at 'ab'it to the iaiht s ioe ii of the strip and, with thastraignt sida, forms thapoint is og ihehook. fr1io bai@y si yoar'- iios as many pila hooks it as there arapii yarns In the operation of tlieloon'i'-thefpil'e ground warp yarns 'areon'id into successive sheds in the usual and a pick of lligi's laid in oath shed by the shuttle and. isthe beaten Y up by the lay. Dii'ririgthese operations? thfarrns 5E! Vand bar 5l are -held 'againstthe breast beam by engagement of the forward. 'ends of hooksll with catch el onA the breastbeamv4 Wnnla row of pile loopsis to be forned, th-pile yarns 24 fare .l

in the upperlin of tho-shea aria-marier thanthe upper gianna warp yarns. the 'pios `has been inserted' that shed, hooks su' are 'swans meoiaaiiisrnso that the forward eiis of tneh'ooks e sears disengaged from 'catches t1 ana-trie bao'k omis ortho hooks engage the catches-sa on n i'e ray to connect arms 5o to the lay. As theiafy moves to uit raar', arms 5p ao bar 5i move with it an@ inspira hooks 'lo on the bar pass bet'wan nia raises on@ warp yarns, whithafiay fifits ing of the reed causes the pile warp yarns to be shifted to a position behind the projections 13 on the pile hooks, as shown in Fig. 11. As the lay moves forward, blocks 69 on the lay engage arms 50 and move the arms and hook bar 5l forward. rlfhis, movement.cgfjoar 5 I ...lanses thepile hooks l@ iodramotit 1o ps l sb omissions yjarjns and, when arms 5U are against the blocks 66l on the breast beam, hooks 60 are actuated by rods $5 and en- 'gage catch 6l to hold the bar 5l and arms 55 in tliifdryard position, while the weaving proceeds vv of, pile loops is to be formed.

' levers 56 is to determine the the travel of hooks 'H as they raised pile yarns 2li, and the 'levers-.operate as follows. When arms 5B swing,r to

the rear with the lay, the levers 56 are swung to the r'r with the armsand, since the studs 58, on which the IeVerssWihg, lie in a `vertical plane forward from vertioai'iilaii through. shaft si, isf-'the ears 54 fast on pin` attached to levers-Wre moved ang'iil'arly relative" t soar segments' 52 in suon direction that th free Vei'ids hooks l] fmve angu-larl'y upwardly. otofdigiyg as .tiiasook sar si is oarrid to the rr wtll-aiis 5,0 'alorfgv 'an 'arcuate path havi'i th asis' f shaft 3i as the center, the baij is also singrookerion thea'xis vof pins in sich dlot .that the f'reends of the hooks are swung lip'tv'aidly .away from the yarnsas ine 'elated by,theupperadttdlnes atthev left Figi. 5. -Whenlthe .hol bar m've's frwardit is rocked -in such dirction.thatthe free ends of tl'ehooks areswhngdwnwardly..

If it is desired to shorten the length of the loops,the .set screws holding gears.v 54fast; on pins 55 are loosened,..theglearsare. turned-.irl Such' dreotiofn asfto nove'the-g'earsegments 55E- towing hobkhar 5l .toloweithe fr ee.,ends of thehooks, and .;th setscrews tare..tigl'ltenedv `If nothing more .were done, thehooks ,ll ontheir movement between .the raised` pile Jyarns. 24 would move downward.soafarhat.they might pass between andeneasethe iraised.warp.yarns i la Accord- .inelyiI Whenerer. the bookshelf-,- i'SaadluS-d as du scribed to. 1Vrana-ke ,Shonen loops, 4.the i Studs ,5.8,y .0n which levers lY are pfivotedj are raised a. correspondingdis tance. in .theh3-slotsi5'll0 shortenthe veilecfcive length, of loyers 55.-... Br .proper adjust,- ment of. studs.theanghlar movement of the hook ba 151, which, tends toV r,raise free Iends ofthe h oQlgS. arldecurs ylien..the,hook bar is carried to;` the reatfwithfarms iltamay be .SQ ad- Flasted that thahbeks, will passbetween pile yarns 2.4 `tot '.11ct between .warp yarns. .45a with@ limit ofthedearwarjd travel' of .the.hooks. Similarly. if longerfloopsare .lefsiredi thegears M are turned `uh dirctinasato lraise the free. ends, of ,the hooksfand ,arethenheldast :At the Sametime, theeiective. 4leigthioi vlevers 56 is increased 'by lowerinfstuds .5a. inslots 5l.

Vyarfnsyont tnmalsezpileloops,,the pilehook 5l .rnais at restlfr any desiredfnumber of pairs of :picksa .When ano-therfrow of vloops is to be "ris`c=31"tf`zd1 .ooksmrectuated under the control ofthepattern 'neehasmt connect arms 5D to tire 1ay,.as above described... Asthe 'pire hooks in move tacit,` they .automatically free; themselves from the loops because of the shape of the hooks. -Tl'i- Sh'Wi in lli when a. loop 0f lpile ishem-by-a isi-lentos, the 'point v15 `or the hook lies offset from the iplane 'f tli'e loop and,

1 the hook islotes, Stasia :tritey inclined "outer side 14 of the bill 13 of the hook, 'g'a'g'e's the inner surface of theyarn inl theloop and forces' the loop aside, so-that theloop is freed from the hook., ,e u

InV the operation of the new loom, the weaving proceeds without interruption, inv that the l' pile hooks move back with thelay to engage thefpile Warp yarns and move kforward with `the layto draw the yarns out to form loops. The? weaving ofthe ground then continues and, when another row of loops is to befformed, vthe'pile hooks 'are again moved back with the lay.- The new' loom thus operatesat a speed comparablewith that of plain goods'loom's and is much more efficient than prior pile fabric looms/having'pile hooks, since, in such looms, 'the weaving is interrupted'while the pile hooks are moved back to engage the pile warp yarns and then moved forward to draw out the yarns. In the new loom, the pile hooks are rigidly attached tothe hook bar and are so Vconstructed that the loops free themselves from the hooks. The prior looms are more complicated, in'that the hooks are swung or rotatedto catch the Ypile warp yarnsv and must be operated in some fashion to free themselves'from the hooks.

I claim:` v A l. In a loom, having pattern rmechanism the combination of separateineans for supplying pile and ground warp yarns, means for forming the pile and ground warp yarns int'oj sheds,v vsaid means raising the pile warp Ayarnsr higher than the ground warp yarnsinv the upperline in the shed, means for inserting a weft yarn in each shed, a lay carrying a reed and mounted to swing about an axis to cause the reed to beat up the inserted weft yarns, the reed being mounted on the lay for endwise movement transversely of the lay, a pair of iarms mounted to swing about the same axis as the lay, a bar mounted on 'the arms and carrying a plurality of hooks extending warpwise, means forconnecting'the barl` to the layto move rearwardly therewith to 'pass the hooks between .the pile warp yarns, the lay returning the bar to its initial position, means controlled by the patternmechanism for rendering the connecting means effective,l and means for shifting the reed endwise, when the hooks are between the pile yarns, to -cause the pile'warp yarns to be caught by the hooks.

2. In a loom, the combination of separate means for supplying pile and ground warp yarns, means for forming the pile and ground warp yarns into sheds, said means raising the pile warp yarns higher than the ground warp yarns in the upper line of the shed, means for inserting a weft yarn in each shed, a lay carrying a reed and mounted to swing about an axis to cause the reed to beat up the inserted weft yarns, the reed being mounted on the lay for endwise movement transversely of the lay, a pair of arms mounted to swing about the same axis as the lay, a bar mounted on the arms and carrying a plurality of hooks extending wanpwise, meansl for intermittently moving the arms and bar back and forward with the lay, the hooks passing between the raised pile warp yarns in the back movement of the bar, and means for shifting the reed endwise, when the hooks are between the pile yarns, to cause the pile warp yarns to be caught by the hooks.

3. In a loom, the combination of separate means for supplying pile and ground warp yarns, means for forming the pile and ground warp yarns into sheds, said means raising the pile warp yarns higher than the ground warp yarns in the upper line of the shed, means for inserting a weft yarn in each-shed, a, lay, carrying-,a,;reed. and mounted to swing about anr-axiseto cause: the reedtobeat upv the insertedfweft yarns, .they reed ,being mounted yonathe lay for endwisemovement transversely of the 1ay,a barvvmounted` above the warp yarns'forl oscillatory movement .about the same axis as the lay yand for oscillatory movement about al secondfqaxis lengthwise of the bar and closeto the-'bara plurality of hooks-mounted on rthe .bar and extending warp-wise, meansy for intermittently 4moving the bar back and forward with the lay andv rocking the-baron said second axis, the free `ends-ofthe.hooksv rising as the lay moves lloack and` fallingas the-lay movesforward and the hooks passing between the raised pile warp yarns in the back movement of the bar, and means vforshifting 'the reedr endwise, when the hooks vare betweenfthepilefwarp yarns, tocause the pile Warp yarns to be caught b-y the hooks.

4. In `aloom,` the combination of separate means vfor supplying pile and ground warp yarns, means for Aforming fthe pile andground warp yarns into, sheds-said means raising the-pile warp yarns higher thanthe ground warp yarns in the upper line of the shed, means for inserting a weft yarn in each'shed', ya lay Vcarrying a `reed and mounted to swing about an axis-to cause the reed to beat up the inserted ,weft yarnsthe-reed being. mounted on the lay for endwise movement transversely of the lay, apair of arms mounted Vto swing about the'same axis asthe lay, a bar plvotally. mounted on therespective arms toy swing about an axis parallel to and offset "from the axis, about which the lay swings, the bar extendingl transverse to the` wanp yarns, a plurality of hooks mounted on-athe bar tol extend warpwise, means for intermittently moving the arms and bar back and'forward witlrthe lay and `simultaneously rocking the bar on the` arms to raise the free ends of the-hooks, as the bar moves to the rear, and to lowerthefree ends of the hooks, as the bar movesforward, the hooksgpassing between theraisedgpile warp yarns` inthe back movement of thebar, and means,for shifting the -reed endwise,` when the hooks are between the pile warp yarns, to cause the pile warp yarns to be caught by the hooks.

5. In a loom, the combination of separate means for supplying pile and ground warp yarns, means for forming the pile and ground war-p yarns into sheds, said means raising the pile war-p yarns higher th-an the ground warp yarns in the upper line of the shed, means for inserting a weft yarn in each shed, a lay carrying a reed and mounted to swing about an axis to cause the reed to beat up the inserted weft yarns, the reed being mounted on the lay for endwise movement transversely of the lay, a pair of arms mounted to swing about the same axis as the lay, a bar pivotally mounted at its ends on the respective arms and extending transverse to the warp yarns, a plurality of hooks mounted on the bar to extend warpwise, means for intermittently moving the arms and bar back and forward with the lay, adjustable means for rocking the bar on the arms to raise the free ends of the hooks a selected distance during the movement of the bar to the rear and to lower the free ends of the hooks a selected distance during the movement of the bar forward, the hooks passing between the raised ypile warp yarns in the back movement of the bar, and means for shifting the reed endwise, when the hooks are between the pile warp yarns, to cause the pile warp yarns to be caught by the hooks.

i, lInV a lobni, trie ecriilinatien 'of senarate means for sulyi'ng pile' and 'ground warp' yarns, means for forming tli pile and ground warp yarns into sheds, said irreali-s raising the pile warp yarns 'higher than tn'griind warp yarns in the upper line ofthe shed; means for inserting a weft yarn in ach shed, "a, lay arrying 'a reed and mun'te'd ro' swing abeut an asis te cause Jthe reed to` beat up the inserted weit yarns, the reed being mounted on the lay 'for ehd'wise' moyement transe versely or 'the lay,y a pair o'f arms mounted to' swing about the 'same axis as the lay, a bar plyotallylnot'd at its' ends Ori the respetiv arrns and 'extending transverse to the warp yarns; a `pluralii'ly ofY hooks on 'the bai" extending warwise, hebk means operable to connect the arms to the lay to move back with the lay, the arms being pushed forward bythe lay, 'rneans for operating the hook rneansinterinittently, means 'for rook; in'g the bar on the arms to raise the free ends of the Hooks during the' movement er the bar to the rear and to lower the free ends of the hooks during the 'moi/erhellt of the bar forward, the hnoks passing between the raised pile warp yarns in the bask movement of the bar/and means for shift-- ing the r'e'd endwi'se, when thehooks are between the niiet/arp yarns, to cause the pile warp yarns to be 'caught by 'the hooks 7. In 'a leoni, the combination of separate means for supplying bile 'and ground warp' yarns; means for frmi'rig the pile and ground warp yarns into "sheds, 'said means raising the pile warp 'yarns higher than the ground warp yarns in the ubper line `of the shed, means for insertingv a weft yarn in each shed ,a lay Scarrying a 'reed and mounted 'to swing about an axis to Cause the reed to beat up the inserted weit yarns, the reed being mounted on Ythe lay for endwise movement trans# versfely of'tl'e lay, 'pair of mounted to swing about the same axis as the lay, a bar pive otally mounted on the respective arms and ex'- te'ndi'giransverse to the warp yarns, e piu-rarity of hooks on the bar eitnding warp'wise, a pair 'of levers biv'te'd on the vres'f'e'zt'i've "arms, conn'eetions between the levers 'and bar, means jo'r intermittently meving the arms and tar sack and forward with the lay, eans for rool'iing' the 8. leversduring the movmentpf thel arms and through the connections rocking -the bar; the hooks Ipassing between the raised 'ip-ile warpl yarns as the bar moves' to thelimit of its backward movement, and means for shifting the reed endwi'se, when the hooks are between the pile warp yarns, to cause the `pile warp yarns to be caught by the hooks. Y A

8. In a loom, the combination of separate means for supplying pile and ground warp yarns, means for forming the pile and ground warp yarns into sheds, said meansv raising the pile warp yarns higher than the groundwar-p yarns in the upper line of the shed, means for inserting a, weft yarn in each shed; a lay carrying a reed and mounted to swing about anaxis to eause the reed to beat up the linserted weftyarnsvthe reed being mounted on the lay for endwise movement transversely of the lay, a pairl of arms mounted to swing4v about thesame axisas the lay, a bar mounted on the arms and carrying a plurality of hooks extending yiarpwise,v a pair of hooks pivoted on the arms, means for intermittently swinging the pivoted hooks to connect the arms to the lay to swing back therewith, the hooks on the bar passing between the raised Warp yarns as the arms and bar move back, the arms and bar beingpushed forward by the lay, and means 'for shifting the reedendwise, when the hooks are between the pile warp yarns, to cause the pile warp yarns to be caught by the hooks.

sAiviUEL r. Plaatsen.

Refer-entes bites in the sie o'f this patent Ni'rEij 'STATES PTENTS Number Name Date 222,477 Ellison l Dec. 9, 1R79 1,463,886 Grosyenor et al Aug. "Y, 1923 2,448,929 Walliser a l i Sept; 7', 1948 2,574,108 Kahn f ;r Nov. 6, 1951 FRE'IGN PATENTS Number Country yDate 256,89 Great Britain of 1863 ,556,241 Great Britain of 18,91 273,059 Great Britain June 30, '1927' 

